Description:In the process of using laser to cut sheet metal parts, we often encounter various problems. In order to protect the cutting quality, the following are several common problems and common solutions: cutting perforation technology, analysis of the deformati
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Laser cutting sheet metal parts
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In the process of using laser to cut sheet metal parts, we often encounter various problems. In order to protect the cutting quality, the following are several common problems and common solutions: cutting perforation technology, analysis of the deformati
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In the process of laser cutting sheet metal parts, various problems are often encountered. In order to protect the cutting quality, the following are several common problems and common solutions:
1 Cutting and perforation technology
any kind of thermal cutting technology, except that it can start from the edge of the plate in a few cases, it is generally necessary to wear a small hole on the plate. Previously, on the laser stamping compound machine, a hole was punched out with a punch, and then cut from the small hole with a laser. There are two basic perforation methods for laser cutting machines without stamping device:
blasting perforation - the material forms a pit in the center after being irradiated by continuous laser, and then the molten material is quickly removed by the oxygen flow coaxial with the laser beam to form a hole. Generally, the size of the hole is related to the plate thickness. The average diameter of the blasting hole is half of the plate thickness. Therefore, the blasting hole diameter of the thicker plate is large and not round. It is not suitable to be used on the parts with high processing accuracy, but only on the waste. In addition, because the oxygen pressure used for perforation is the same as that used for cutting, the splash is large
pulse perforation - a small amount of materials are melted or vaporized by pulsed laser with peak power. Air or nitrogen is often used as auxiliary gas to reduce the hole expansion due to exothermic oxidation. The gas pressure is lower than that of oxygen during cutting. Each pulse laser produces only a small particle jet and gradually deepens, so the perforation time of the thick plate takes a few seconds. Once the perforation is completed, immediately replace the auxiliary gas with oxygen for cutting. In this way, the perforation diameter is small, and its perforation quality is better than blasting perforation. Therefore, the laser used should not only have high output power; What matters is the temporal and spatial characteristics of the beam, so the general cross flow CO2 laser can not meet the requirements of laser cutting machine. In addition, pulse perforation must also have a better gas path control system to realize the switching of gas type and gas pressure and the control of perforation time
in the case of pulse perforation, in order to obtain high-quality incision, attention should be paid to the transition technology from pulse perforation when the workpiece is stationary to constant speed continuous cutting of the workpiece. Theoretically, the cutting conditions of the acceleration section can usually be changed, such as focal length, nozzle position, gas pressure, etc., but in fact, it is unlikely to change the above conditions due to the short time. It is more realistic to change the average power of laser in industrial production. The specific method is to change the pulse width; Change the pulse frequency; Change the pulse width and frequency at the same time. The actual results show that the third effect is good
2. Analysis on the deformation of cutting and processing small holes (small diameter and plate thickness)
this is because the machine tool (only for high-power laser cutting machine) does not adopt the way of blasting perforation when processing small holes, but uses the way of pulse perforation (soft puncture), which makes the laser energy too concentrated in a very small area and scorch the non processing area, resulting in hole deformation and affecting the processing quality. At this time, we should change the pulse perforation (soft puncture) mode to blasting perforation (ordinary puncture) mode in the processing program to solve it. For the laser cutting machine with low power, on the contrary, pulse perforation should be adopted in the small hole processing in order to obtain better surface finish
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